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第十三章鲁定公(第1页)

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第十三章鲁定公

鲁定公名宋,鲁襄公之子,鲁昭公之弟。

鲁定公元年

公元前509年,鲁定公元年。

元年春王正月辛巳,晋魏舒合诸侯之大夫于狄泉,将以城成周。魏子莅政。卫彪徯曰:“将建天子,而易位以令,非义也。大事奸义,必有大咎。晋不失诸侯,魏子其不免乎!”

是行也,魏献子属役于韩简子及原寿过,而田于大陆,焚焉,还,卒于宁。范献子去其柏椁,以其未复命而田也。

元年正月初七日,晋国魏舒在狄泉会合各国大夫,准备带着他们去修筑成周的城墙。魏舒主持大局。卫国大夫彪徯说:“打算为天子筑城,却逾越自己的身份来发号施令,这是不义的。做大事违背道义,必然招致大大的灾祸。晋国如果不失去诸侯的拥护,魏子恐怕不能免于灾祸了吧!”

最后一句话的意思是,魏舒此举,上天必然降祸,如果不是降到晋国头上,那就必然降到魏舒头上。事实上,这一次组织各国为天子筑城,魏舒也确实做得不像话。他把任务布置下去之后,就委托韩不信和原寿过去监督执行,自己则跑到大陆(地名)去打猎,放火焚烧草木(将猎物从藏身之地赶出来),应该是玩得很尽兴。回来的路上,魏舒死在宁地。魏舒死后,士鞅执政,下令撤去魏舒的柏木外椁,这是因为魏舒还没有完成使命就跑去打猎,必须有所惩罚。

孟懿子会城成周,庚寅,栽。宋仲几不受功,曰:“滕、薛、,吾役也。”

薛宰曰:“宋为无道,绝我小国于周,以我适楚,故我常从宋。晋文公为践土之盟,曰:‘凡我同盟,各复旧职。’若从践土,若从宋,亦唯命。”

仲几曰:“践土固然。”

薛宰曰:“薛之皇祖奚仲居薛,以为夏车正,奚仲迁于邳,仲虺居薛,以为汤左相。若复旧职,将承王官,何故以役诸侯?”

仲几曰:“三代各异物,薛焉得有旧?为宋役,亦其职也。”

士弥牟曰:“晋之从政者新,子姑受功,归,吾视诸故府。”

仲几曰:“纵子忘之,山川鬼神其忘诸乎?”

士伯怒,谓韩简子曰:“薛征于人,宋征于鬼。宋罪大矣。且己无辞,而抑我以神,诬我也。‘启宠纳侮’,其此之谓矣。必以仲几为戮。”

乃执仲几以归。三月,归诸京师。

仲孙何忌代表鲁国参与修筑成周城,正月十三日接受任务,十六日就开始夯土。而宋国的仲几拒不接受任务,说:“有滕国、薛国、国为我们服役。”

薛国的执政大臣说:“那是宋国无道,让我们这些小国和周朝断绝联系,带着我们去侍奉楚国,所以我们一直听从宋国。晋文公举行践土之盟,说:‘但凡同盟诸侯,各自恢复旧职。’或者听从践土之盟,或者听从宋国,我们都唯命是从。”

听从践土之盟,那就是恢复旧职,直接听命于天子,宋国无权使唤薛国。听从宋国,那就替宋国服役,薛国也没意见,但是要晋国发句话。这等于是将了宋国一军,而且将球踢给晋国了。仲几说:“践土之盟固然是说过那样的话。”

言下之意,说归说,但薛国还是得听宋国的。当着晋国人的面说这样的话,显然不太聪明。薛国的执政大臣是个老江湖,接着把仲几往坑里带,继续抓住践土之盟说事:“薛国的先祖奚仲在薛地居住,在夏朝担任车正(官名)。后来奚仲迁居邳地,他的后人仲虺住在薛地,做了商汤的左相(官名)。如果恢复旧职,那就要承接天子的命令,为什么要为诸侯服役呢?”

仲几果然上当,说:“三代的事情各不相同,薛国怎么能够按旧章办事?为宋国服役,也是它的职分。”

士弥牟听不下去了,这样说岂不是将晋文公的话当作放屁?于是出面干涉,对仲几说:“晋国的执政者刚刚履新,您姑且接受任务,我到故府(资料库)去查一下旧档案再说。”

仲几不依不饶:“就算您不记得这些事,难道山川鬼神会忘记吗?”

士弥牟被惹怒了,对韩不信说:“薛国取证于人,宋国取证于鬼,宋国的罪大了。而且自己无话可说,就拿鬼神来压我,这是欺骗我们。给予宠信却得到侮辱,说的就是这种事了。必须给仲几惩戒。”

于是抓了仲几回晋国,三月又将他移送到京师。

城三旬而毕,乃归诸侯之戍。齐高张后,不从诸侯。晋女叔宽曰:“周苌弘、齐高张皆将不免。苌叔违天,高子违人。天之所坏,不可支也;众之所为,不可奸也。”

这次修城倒是效率很高,三十天就完工了,于是将诸侯派来戍守京师的部队遣送回去。齐国的高张迟到,没有赶上工期。晋国大夫女叔宽说:“王室的苌弘、齐国的高张都将不免于祸难。苌弘违背天意,高张违背人意。上天要毁坏的,谁也不能支持;众人要办的事,谁也不能抗命。”

所谓苌弘违背天意,《左传》只是一笔带过,难免让人一头雾水。倒是《国语》中有一段记载可以作为注解——

敬王十年,刘文公与苌弘欲城周,为之告晋。魏献子为政,说苌弘而与之。卫彪徯适周,闻之,见单穆公曰:“苌、刘其不殁乎!《周诗》有之曰:‘天之所支,不可坏也。其所坏,亦不可支也。’”

彪徯这段话的意思是:上天令周室凋敝,刘文公与苌弘策动诸侯修建成周城,乃是违背天意,所以将要受到惩罚。

夏,叔孙成子逆公之丧于乾侯。季孙曰:“子家子亟言于我,未尝不中吾志也。吾欲与之从政,子必止之,且听命焉。”

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